2.
   2023
/  
   
(1605  1849 . )
: 3     :50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.     
       ?
2.                 
 ?
-
3. 
""     ?         
  
4.              
-
2.
5.         
6.          
-
7.           
8.    ,         
    
2.
   2023
/  
   
(1605  1849 . )
: 3     :50
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.     
       ?
: 
     ,          
       
    ,      ' 
,       '      1606 
        (  )      
  ,              
   ,             
    
  ,      
 ,      
       
                 
    

  ?
    "-"    
      
2.
     -   ,  -,
   
     -  ,      
    ,       
     '     ,        
            

   ,   , -        
   ,        :
 ( )   
 (/ )   
     
     :
         -    
      
 
     ,      
 
1.    
       ,       1606  
 (     )        
       
 ,   ,
    
  ,     
 , 
 '   ,  
 ,      
           
;      
     
2.   
            '   
     ,        
,            
2.
            '      
 
    ' -,         
  
3.   
    ,            
             
4.    
     ,            
           
    :
   (1634)
  
   
   ,           
               
 - 
 ,     
  
 ? ( )
                
  
;       
1.    
      ,           
 
   ,          
 
2. "-"   
2.
                
    -            
             '    


 "-" (-)       

3.    
    '        ,  , ,
         -   
            
4.    (  
)
                    1699
           ,       
  
 
  
  :
     

         
5.   

         :       
 
    ,       
  
,     :
       
     
          

2.
    
           
    ,    ,        -
  ,    ,    ,      
   
,          
 ,  
  
       
   ,  -, ,
-             
                 
     
 ,                  ,
   , "-"         
    

2.                 
 ?
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
    ,       ,       
        1675        
        ,         
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   :               
      ,        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
     1621 :          
 1664   ,  -      

            ,
        
   ,         , 
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔                
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
2.
1.    
         ,    
   
                
     ,         
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   :          
       
2.   
               
,      
   ,    -      
         
 -   
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    
 :      
,    
  
3.   
          
           
         '        
 
    ,         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   ,       
4.   
24   1675            
   -   ,   ,     -   
       
             ,     
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼        
1.    
2.
         
 -   ,  
,     -   
                

   "  "    ,    
     
2.   
             
 1699            
,   
  -    
          
3.  
          
           ,    
 '  
 
               
   
4.    
            
       
   
 
,         ,      
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 



     ,   ' 
 

        

  ,   ,   

     , 24   1675

     ,    ,    
 
󷇮󷇭 
2.
                 
     
,     
,     
               
 
-
3. 
""     ?         
  
: 
""    ,      ,  
,               
,         ,   
  ,       ,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?
""          ,    "," ","  "
   "   , ""    
;   ( )

   ,     "        "
    
;   ,  ,   
                ,    
    :
    
         
,        
        
       ,     ,     
 ,    ,       

 
󷇮󷇭   
?
    (  )  ,     ,   
             
                 
,   ,      
2.
              
            
,  -   - 
              
              -    
      
             - 1699 
    -   
󽆪󽆫󽆬  -, 1699
    13  1699          
 -       ,          
         
🗡     
         :
"     ,            ?"
              ,    
                    
         ,         
   
                 
                   
 
   :
󷄧󷄫   ( )󷄧󷄬   ()󷄧󷄭   ()󷄧󷄮
  () 5󰊯   ()
  - ,               
  -   
,     
-     
󷊭󷊮󷊯󷊱󷊰󷊲󷊳󷊴󷊵󷊶" "  
  ,           ,   ,  
   ,   ,    ,      
 " " -     
2.
 ,     ,         
    
  ;         
󹲡  -  
       (  )        
,        (  ) ,     

   ()      ,     
    ()   
                '
   ,     '  
󽅿󽆀
-

                  
         :
  (5 ):
o

  (      )
o

   (  )
o

   (     )
o

 (    )
o

  (   )
      :
  ()   
  ()   
 -      ,    
󺛒󺛓󺛔󺛕󺛖󺛗󺛤󺛘󺛙󺛚󺛛󺛜󺛝󺛞󺛟󺛠󺛡󺛢󺛣󺛥    
        ,         
                 
 
;                 
   
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸  
2.
      
,      - 
       :
     
   -     
    
,       
             
               :
"       ,     "
   
            
      
󷊻󷊼󷊽
     
;   ,     
     , ,     
   
     ,          
    
 
,          :
  
   
   
     
      - , ,      

4.              
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
   ,        1699 ,   
 ,                
2.
   
 -         -  
       ,       
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   :             
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
17
     -       
    ,        - '
   
          :    1606 
   ,     1675      
   
               
  ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            -   
  '     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   (1699)
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 
, 13  1699 ,        
        ,         
- ,    ,        (
) 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
                 
    
     ,     
,     ,         ,  
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
   ()    ,      
  ()    ,        
          :
1. (  ) -       
2.
2. () -     
3. ( ) -        
4. () -       
5. ( ) -      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 
            
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
:      
:-             
:,        
:            
:        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 ' 
1.  
        
            
    - ,     
2.  
  -      ,      ,
   
      ,   17
     
           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔              

3.    
    ,      
           
              
    

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,          
4.  
        
    
2.
         ,   
  ,     '     

5.   
          
            , 
  
 ,                 
 
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 



   ,  

  , -,   
/
   ,     

  
 

   ,     
󷇮󷇭 
1699           -        
    -          
 ,  ,       
     ,   
        ,  
   
-
5.         
:              ,
     ,        
          ,      
          
,   , ,
          
2.
  -        
       '  
       , 
  1670               ,
               
   
                  
               
 ()           ,  
               
           
       
          
 -      
        1708  ,     ,    
            
        ,       
                 
      , " ,    () "
     :
  

  /

     

: 
       ,   ,      
       
   -     
     ,         '
          ,     ,  
  '            
,   
     
2.
  ,  ,        
   
        
  -    
              
        
1.    (1709)
           
    
                    
,      '          
 
2.         (1710)
  ,              
    ,       ,  
                  
;
        
1710 ,                ,
             
    -   
        ;         
,      -          

     
,     ,   
 (
)   
               
  ,           
      
            
 
   
              '     
          
;    
2.
   ,        ,     
     
   -    
    
       
 
        ,         
 ,  ,          ,
   1715       
             
   
         ,       
         1716 ,   
         - ,   ,  
 -    
   ?
         
 :
            
   
        
          
      
,         
 
         
 ,  ,           

           
     
              
      ,   , ,     
   
 ,   ,    ,     
               
  
2.
6.          
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
     
 -  18
       
       ,          
 ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   :       ,       , 
   -   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 
    (1708)     (1716)    , 
        
 ,        ,      
    
          ,   
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
1748 ,      ,  65       
     
   12     ,     ,  
 
      ""  "  ",       


󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
     :
 (     )
 (            )
 (     )
 (     )
 (     )
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   -  ,           
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1. 
      ()  ,      
 
  
;       '  
2.  
       ,      
 
           
3.  
           
        
   ,            
 
4.  
           '    
  ,    '  ,      
      
            
5.  
      ,     ,   
  
      
       

 
6.  
       
     ,       
  
        ,       
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
1.    
           
       -    ,    
    
2.    
        
,  19
    
   
3.  
           
         
4.  
     ,        
      ,   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 



      ; 1748    


12 ,   , ,  

   ',    

 ,   ,  

     

   ,    
,   
󷇮󷇭 
       ,          
      
 ,           
          ,    
 ,      ,         
    
2.
-
7.           
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     -   
                  
 , ,       
󷄧󷄫     
             ,     
,   
          
  -       ,   
         
     
,
    
      :
 -     
      -     
               
󷄧󷄬     
           ,    
  ( )         ,   ' 
           :
  
  

  
                
      
         
 

2.
󷄧󷄭    
                
        ,        
 
   ',           
   ,        
,    ,           
              
󷄧󷄮   
            ,     
          
       
,     
  
  '        
    
 - '  
  :         
    
                
󷄰󷄯   
                 :
       

 ,         
      
     -        
             
 
󷄧󷄱  
          :
2.
  
  
    
   
   ,            
  
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶    
        -          
         ,       
󷄧󷄫    
   ,          ( 
)              
 
    '     :
  ( )
 ( )
 (  )
     ,    ,      '
            
󷄧󷄬   
                '
  :
 

 
              , 
        -     
2.
󷄧󷄭     
  (  )      ,   
 ,              
       
󷄧󷄮   
        
       
         ,      
      
        
󷄰󷄯       
            ,      
              
      '       ' 
          
󽇐
        
;      
        , ,     
             ,   ,  
     
 ,      :
  
    
-     
     
                
              , , 
             
2.
8.    ,         
    
: 󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    : ,   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
          
 -  ,  
       -  ,      , 
    -        ,
        ,       
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   :        ,   
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
          
     
 :,      '     
   ,            
 :   ,       
  
 
 ,     ,     -
  
 :   ,       
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,  ,     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
       
 
1. 
   
      
  ,      
 , 1699          

2. 
2.
    ,    
 
  ,    - 
   
 ,        
3.   
:     ,        
:,       ,     
 
4.    
               

     '     ,    
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      -  ,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
               -    
 ,      
󷙣󷙤󷙥   
  :-  -       
  :         
:             
:         
󷙣󷙤󷙥
  :        
 ( ):  
  :    
󷙣󷙤󷙥 
,          
   ,   ,   

   ,  ,      

 
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
    ,        :
:    ,       
 :      ,      
 :,      
 ,   
    
  :              
,     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 




 
󷇮󷇭 
     ,       
       ,       

 ,           
,     ,            
"              
 
       ,       
 "